Recently, a building inspector on the eastern coast came across a three-family residence that had decking built on the side to function as a secondary egress. Upon arrival at the property’s location, the inspector could tell right away that the deck structure was definitely not up to code. Multiple family dwellings use IBC (International Building Code) rather than IRC (International Residential Code) and the deck and stair case combination wouldn’t be acceptable with either.
The residence had initially had a series of decks and stairs which interconnected, as is the usual fashion for a secondary egress on a multiple leveled multifamily structure. The owner of the property had the old structure removed entirely so that the new decking could be built.
The foundation of the new structure was constructed of 12-inch piers which were placed in two rows of three. The innermost section of piers were placed two feet inside the rim of the structure. There were wooden posts coming up from the piers but were not attached to them. They supported a 2×8 that was nailed to the bottom of the joists to act in the place of a beam. Obviously, this isn’t a great beam structure. The low piers weren’t attached to anything and therefore, not supporting anything either. Think about this for a moment and you will see that the outer three piers and ledger were supporting the entire load of the structure. To fix this, the addition of a beam would be needed. If it were built, the three interior piers would be able to support the load from the first floor’s decking. However, additional piers that are larger would need to be added to support the weight of the second and third floors.
The decking ledgers themselves were nailed to studs on the wall of the residence. There were no bolts used with the attachment, nor flashing or sheathing. The joist hangers that attached all 2x8s to the rim were incorrect sizes. All screws that were used were drywall screws. There were also many random, unfilled holes in the joist hangers. The nails that were used weren’t stainless steel or galvanized and had already started damaging the lumber. In some locations there were hardly any nails and in some areas, such as in the headers and railings, there were far too many nails. To fix this, each ledger would need sheathing and flashing added and proper bolting mechanisms would also need to be used.
The stairs were frightening, having been built without any handrails and extremely close to a window on the home. The rises on the staircases ranged from six inches to seven and a half inches. Many of the risers were open and the treads were only eight inches wide. The guards along the side of the stairs were nailed to corner posts with incorrect fasteners. Each rail on the guard was placed more than four inches apart. The corner posts of the deck structure looked as if they had been cut using a dull saw. The owner had also used wood putty to cover chips and cracks in the wood. To fix this, the stairs would have to be removed and built again in accordance to code. The header placements would need to be adjusted and handrails would need to be built. There would also need to be some sort of additional safety glazing added to the windows by the stairs to prevent breakage.
The building inspector had to tag the deck structure as unsafe and informed the owner that it had to be fixed before anyone could use it again. The owner of the property had a contract with a building contractor, so he was able to apply for reimbursement from the state to fix the deck.
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